The Healthcare Reform Act in Texas - 1954 Words

The consequence of The Patient Protection and Affordable Healthcare Act in Texas On June 28, 2012, The Supreme Court ruled the Federal Government does not have the constitutional right to sanction an individual to buy health insurance, but declared that the states do have the right to place a tax on citizens that do not carry insurance. This ruling is in response to President Obama’s Patient Protection and Healthcare Act of 2010. Passed on March 23, 2010, President Obama’s Reform Act mandates Texas, as well as the nation, to provide Medicaid funding to all individuals that are uninsured by 2014. As well as expanding Medicaid, it will provide exchanges, which are pools of insurance companies a previously uninsured person can pick†¦show more content†¦That mostly depends on our Presidential election in November. If a Republican wins office they could option not to enforce the act or overturn it during Legislative session. As long as Governor Perry is in office, there will be no expansion of Medicaid until at least 2014. Since, Governor Pe rry is not expanding the Medicaid system, as a state will need to prepare for higher insurance premiums to cover the costs that Medicaid does not. The state will need to revamp the state Medicaid system because our population is rising higher than the cost of healthcare. As of December of 2011 total enrollment in Medicaid was 3,652,591. This cost the state of Texas 12.8 billion dollars, paid for by our taxpayers. As our state population increases it is estimated 1.2 million newly eligible Texans for Medicaid, and by 2019 it will cost the state and additional 5.3 billion in taxes (Texas Health and Human Services Commission, 2012). Rick Perry told Fox news on July 8th, 2012 that Texas wouldn’t be a part of â€Å"socializing healthcare,’’ and the only solution to fixing Texas healthcare is to have the Federal Government block grant the state funding to fix the healthcare options instead of giving a ‘’one size fits all, cookie cutter’’ solution (News, 2012). Even state Medicaid Chief, Billy Millwee supports Perry. In an interview to The Texas Tribune he calls Medicaid,Show MoreRelatedMy Permanent Home, Texas, And I Am Represented At All Three Levels Of Government1099 Words   |  5 Pages . With a population of roughly 26 million, Texas has a unique blend of languages, cultures, and political ideologies. With such a huge population and varying interests, there are many representatives to help voice the majority concerns and interests within the state. These representatives hold office in varying levels of government such as local, state, and national government positions. My permanent home is in Keller, Texas, and I am represented at all three levels of government. My local governmentRead MoreTexas Medicaid Expansion1191 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Texas Medicaid Expansion The health care reform debate between 2008 and 2010 led to the passage of Patient Protection and Affordable Act. It was reminiscent of opportunities for reform that have occurred on a cyclical basis throughout American history. These opportunities occurred most notably in the presidential administrations of Franklin Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, and William J. Clinton. (Rich, Cheung, Lurvey, 79). We have to look at recentRead MoreThe Reform And Governmental Statistics On The United States1546 Words   |  7 Pagesand Evaluation, 2015). Texas being the number one state in all of the U.S. with more than 5 million Texans (19% of the population) uninsured in 2014 (this was a decrease of 700,000 individuals in 2013) would be expected to hold great support in order to lower the high rates of the uninsured (Walters, 2015). In order to understand the impact that the ACA has had on the U.S., but especially in Texas, it is important to look at what state officials say concerning the reform and governmental statisticsRead MoreAffordable Care Act : Texas And Medicaid1302 Words   |  6 PagesAffordable Care Act: Texas and Medicaid Eric Plaisance J. Raulston Government 2306 March 15, 2016 Affordable Care Act: Texas and Medicaid Any decision naturally means there must be at least two options from which to choose. The decisions made concerning the Affordable Care Act (ACA) are certainly no exception. Certainly politics enters into the mix, as does associated costs, availability of medical care, quality of care and numerous other factors. While the idea medical care for all seemsRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act, Medicaid Expansion, And The Effect On Advanced Practice Nursing1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act, Medicaid Expansion, and the Effect on Advanced Practice Nursing In 2010, the President of the United States signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) into law (Luther Hart, 2014). As written, the PPACA will be the most extensive change in the financing and provision of healthcare in 50 years (Luther Hart, 2014). The stated purposes of the legislation are to decrease the number of medically uninsured people as well as decrease the cost of insuranceRead MoreThe Issue Of Medicaid Expansion Reform1256 Words   |  6 PagesMedicaid Expansion -Texas Why is Medicaid a huge topic in Texas and how does it relate to me? This is one important question to consider. Well this paper will help shed light to the matter and illustrate the urgency for action. Just recently Texas had an option to extend Medicaid, but hastily denied. Medicaid Expansion was part of the Obama care reform in which the federal government gave the 52 states an offer to expand the current Medicaid in was that it would include the coverage of lowRead MoreQuestions On Political Speech911 Words   |  4 Pagesin the form of a carefully worded political speech that appeals to voters by touching on a number of issues which are important to them. This is why it is so important to first know your districts demographics. I’m running as for a position in the Texas state Senate, so after a little research I found that I belong to the State Senate District 16. Then I had to learn about the demographics for my District I found that about 61 percent speak only English, and only 10 percent do not speak English atRead MoreThe Emerging Issues Of The Us Healthcare System Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesThe article published by Kaiser speaks about the Emerging Issues in the US Healthcare System †¢ In 2010, the U.S. spent $3.2 million on health care, an average of $9,283 per person. †¢ Democrats typically lean more towards the view that 6 million individuals living without health insurance in US is the direst problems in this healthcare debate. †¢ †¢ Since 2002, the rate of increase in national health care spending has fallen from 9.5% to 3.9%. †¢ Half of health care spending is used to treat just 5%Read MoreSpeech : Running For Rep925 Words   |  4 PagesMazhar 0 Afifah Mazhar GOVT-2306-71001 Professor Sharifian 29 October 2017 Running for Rep In my previous essay I discussed that I would be running for district 115 (R-Irving), for a seat in the Texas House of Representatives during the 2019 election. I talked about the what, the why, and the when about my running. (The what being what my platform is, why being why I am running, and when being when I plan on running.) In this essay I will address the how, I will explain my plans and the process IRead MoreObamacare : The Affordable Care Act1012 Words   |  5 PagesAffordable Care Act was created by President Barack Obama and is commonly referred to as â€Å"Obamacare.† President Obama is an active member of the Democratic Party. His party status is significant due to the fact most Democrats are in support of the Affordable Care Act. The act has made Medicaid widely used as a healthcare insurance in the United States, however Republican Governor Rick Perry and other conservatives have argued against the Medicaid expansion. In Texas the Affordable Care Act is not accepted

Charles Darwin s Theory Of Psychology - 1228 Words

1. What roles did Wundt and James play in establishing psychology? Wilhelm Wundt played a key role in establishing psychology after his book Principles of Physiological Psychology argued that psychology should be studied as it s own distinct scientific discipline rather than a sub-category of physiology. In 1879, Wundt founded the first laboratory of scientific psychological research at the University of Leipzig. He was very influential and over the years, thousands of students attended his lectures. People from across the globe went to Wundt to earn their doctorates. He even taught Edward B. Titchener, who founded his own school of psychology. These are all reasons why Wilhelm Wundt is considered The Founder of Psychology. William†¦show more content†¦2. What were the early schools and approaches in psychology, and how did their views differ? One of the first early psychological schools of thought was structuralism. Structuralism was the belief that all complex experiences of the conscious could be broken down into small parts or elements of stimuli. Structuralism was founded but Edward B. Titchener yet it faded away soon after his death, because of the arguably impractical procedure used to identify conscious thoughts called introspection. Introspection involved asking subjects on their initial sensation of feelings over some subject, like a book. Many argued that it was impractical due to the variation of responses subjects would give and the impossibility of studying children and animals. The second school of thought was called functionalism. Functionalism didn’t just limit itself to using introspection but viewed interactions as they naturally occurred in nature. It stressed the importance of behavioral functions that allow people and animals to adapt to their environment. This allowed for more thorough analysis even through children and work places. Functionalists differed form structuralists on the nature of the conscious and

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A Brief Note On Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity - 1493 Words

Introduction My Report is about, Type 2 Diabetes. I’ll be giving a short summary about what is type 2 diabetes and i will be giving others perspective and also my own. Im going to tell you the symptoms of type 2 diabetes .I’m going to show the three resources that I used. My main research question I’m doing is what is the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity? Also I’m researching on 2 other questions, what is the biology (science) behind Type-2 diabetes? And why is Type-2 diabetes an issue in our community? What is type 2 diabetes? Diabetes is the result of the body not creating enough insulin to keep blood glucose (sugar) levels in the normal range. Everyone needs some glucose in their blood,but if its to high it can damage your body over time.In type 2 diabetes either your body that doesnt produce enough insulin or that youe cells dont recognise the insulin that is presented. For many people but not all type 2 diabetes can be prevented by making and living a healthy lifestyle.some people with type 2 diabetes have had it for many years but don’t realise they have it. What is the biology (science) behind Type-2 diabetes? There are different types of diabetes but Type 2 Diabetes is extremely common but only certain people get it.People with Type 2 Diabetes make insulin but do not respond well to it also it cannot make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels. In this diagram that I have used is showing what happens when the insulin is enters inShow MoreRelatedAtkins or fadkins Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pagesenergy -best for the brain and nerve tissues -there are simple and complex carbohydrate c. Fats- type of lipid and usually come from animals. Sources can be lard and butter. Fats are: -needed for vitamin absorption -creating cell lipids and steroids. -excess energy is stored as fat in the human body 2. Janine made this statement: â€Å"... if your brain doesnt get carbs- well, glucose, anyway- you get really cranky. You have toRead MoreThe Good Old Paper and Pencil1493 Words   |  6 Pageselectronic use to one hour a day to prevent obesity, depression, academic failure, and to increase social skills amongst other children. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a study in 2004, 16% of children, approximately 9 million that are between the ages of 6 -19 years old are overweight or obese. This number has most likely increased due to the rapid growth in technology. There are many health factors that are associated with obesity. Of the children that are obese, manyRead MoreThe Cardiovascular System Of Atherosclerosis3729 Words   |  15 Pagesplaque in the arteries, namely the coronary arteries. This occurs when cholesterol, cellular waste, and other types of substances combine to form plaque (Silverthorn, Ober, Garrison, Silverthorn, Johnson, 2007). When plaque buildup, or atherosclerosis, forms in the arteries, blood has a tougher time traveling to and from the heart. The development of atherosclerosis is based on two types of plaques: vulnerable and stable plaques. Vulnerable plaques contain thin fibrous caps; therefore, they haveRead MoreBenefits Of Physical Training Patients With Diabetes And Chronic Kidney Disease2469 Words   |  10 PagesBENEFIT OF PHYSICAL TRAINING IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Yetunde M. Fajulugbe Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University Dayton OH. Keywords: Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Physical Training, Abstract: Introduction Diabetes occur when there is a combination of inadequate secretion of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells and the peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance leads to a reducedRead MoreEssay about How to Manage Your Body to Improve Your Mind744 Words   |  3 PagesImprove Your Mind All throughout academia and higher education in general, advice can be found on how to learn or how to more effectively absorb the knowledge that is being presented. While there is plenty of information to be found on how to take notes or how to review for a test. There is the equally important but much less talked about impact of the body and mind connection. The impact of having a body that is malnourished or sleep deprived can greatly affect the minds ability to pay attentionRead MoreA Survey of Diabetics in San Diego1878 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION The entire concept of diabetes is about living on the edge of trouble. While Type 1 Diabetes is a biological condition associated with a fundamental flaw in the way ones body produces or reacts to insulin a substance that controls and monitors sugar in the blood and cells Type 2 Diabetes is a social and cultural condition. Those most likely groups of people to have to live with it are persons of non-white nationalities (increasingly Hispanics and Asians) who live at or below the USRead MoreBenefits Of Regular Physical Activity2271 Words   |  10 Pagesis significant research that shows a direct correlation between the rising costs of health care as it relates to physical activity among the population. Due to a greater sedentary lifestyle, the number of obese people has increased tremendously. Obesity causes numerous health problems, most notably heart disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, which has led to an increase in the number of people utilizing their health care . There are many research studies which have found that â€Å"physicalRead MoreWhy Is Sleep So Important?3274 Words   |  14 Pagesdifferences in the quantity and quality of sleep important links to reductions in the quantity and quality of free time had by individuals outside of work-related settings while similar differences have connections with socioeconomic status, age, and gender. 2. Background Sleep is a naturally recurring state of consciousness characterized by a decrease in sensory activity and a reduction of voluntary muscle movements (Nedeltcheva and Scheer 294). While both rapid (REM) and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) areRead MoreQuestions on Nursing2511 Words   |  10 Pageswrite a research proposal will benefit? Obesity is one of the most serious health challenges facing our nation. It is linked to an increased risk for type II diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and even arthritis. One of the most alarming trends in the increase in obesity has been the climbing rates of childhood obesity. Obese children are more likely to become obese adults, and the chronic conditions they suffer as the result of their obesity will affect them and the healthcare system

Body Image Free Essays

11 Ms. Spangenberg BritLit, period 5 28 March 2011 If looks could kill For most people in order to feel good they must look good, however for some people looking good doesn’t cut it they have to be perfect. In our minds every one of us has an idealized body image which comes from â€Å"a mixture of ideas and feeling about one’s physical appearance†¦linked to self esteem and emotional stability† (Maggie 2). We will write a custom essay sample on Body Image or any similar topic only for you Order Now Factors that influence ones self- perceptions are the 21st century media, peers, and family basically our main social surroundings. All these factors influence us whether we know it or now, so it’s only natural for girls to look up to super models, film stars, and athletes. Wanting to be just like them, dressing like them, buying what they do and overall looking perfectly flawless just like them. Even though it’s important for some occupations to have the perfect body image like models, athletes and movie stars, it’s virtually impossible for an average person to have a perfect body image because of psychological issues and physical problems such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia  nervosa (BN). The Media is responsible for the negative effects on men and women who are influenced by unrealistic images, which include perfect skin, pulp lips, breasts, hips and a slim waist and for men idly, a lean and muscular physique. An individual is exposed to many different types of perfect images once this occurs, he/she starts comparing themselves with these images. In other words this comparison starts a self image process made up in their mind about themselves the â€Å"media images and self identity go together†¦ media affects how one sees themselves and in some cases it affects women negatively† (Maggie 54). If girls don’t look similar to what’s posted in magazines and up on billboards they aren’t incredibly happy with their figure, because according to the media it’s not perfect. For this reason woman become depressed, stressed and unhappy. Through advertising women are told what they should look like, this image is mostly based on what the majority of men find attractive. During the early post war years in the 1950’s and 1960’s women were seen as the perfect skilled housewife, who kept everything spotless. They were encouraged to play the faultless duty even â€Å"advertisements portrayed women as decorative, dependent on men and primarily concerned with personal beauty† (Maggie 43). However the range of different identities available to women did expand the idea of women moving into the male world, in a trouser suit working in office buildings. None the less women are still labeled through the media, which clearly tells women how they should be and what’s expected of them. Anne Marie is a psychotherapist who offers counseling for people who suffer from eating disorders; she states â€Å"it’s true, more teenage girls than ever are affected by compulsion to achieve for themselves a degree of thinness they see every day in models and celebrities† (106). One of the most influential media forms are women’s beauty and fashion magazines, women see models, and actors who are less curvaceous and thinner. Studies show three in four teens in the United States are influenced through magazines . This media representation is wrong due to the fact that it’s not a truthful reflection of real lives but a â€Å"symbolic account of what is valued and approved of â€Å"(Maggie 45). Women try to achieve this media image to feel accepted no matter what the cost. According to what women are exposed to in media, they learn to reconstruct themselves and adapt into a defect less image. They can fix weight problems through exercise, chemical maintenance like different facial products and plastic surgery â€Å"sometimes without any harm to health, other with devastating consequences† (Maggie 48). People die every year from plastic surgery, not only can the outcomes of the surgery be fatal. Before plastic surgery when a doctor tells you what the change will look like it’s â€Å"only an educated guess†¦ Until he or she gets into the operating room and sees exactly what there is to work with, there is absolutely no way to know how the final product will look† (Alice 1). So you may be unhappy with the outcome of the surgery, but won’t be able to do anything about it. When we are sold beauty products we are told aging is unacceptable if you want to be peerless, it implies for us to fix this problem but aging is a natural rocess. Women who undergo cosmetic surgery do gain a boost in their body image, however afterwards they always want to go back and keep fixing up even more. There are those who try to achieve unrealistic expectations and experience depressions or self adjustment problems. So there are downsides to any kind of treatment if there’s t oo much of it, and the media influences us to go through all these delirious procedures. Equally important as media influence is also ones cultural influence, the very roots of a person’s life to which there exposed to even before media it’s family and friends. Studies show women who suffer from anorexia or bulimia come from â€Å"family environments in which perfection, control and enmeshment are the norms† (Susan 214). So it should come as no surprise, people coming from such a perfect controlling family influence feel the need to be flawless as well. Furthermore in Western societies slim and slender is associated with happiness and success while being overweight means you lazy and don’t have control of your life. Thomas cash a psychologist for over 35 years believes those who don’t fit â€Å"to the slender ideal face prejudice throughout their life spam† (10). Usually these prejudices and social comparison can start as early as elementary school, by interacting with your peers one can tell if there overweight or under. From childhood overweight people are seen differently, some children don’t interact with overweight peer’s cause they think there lazy and inactive. Keeping that in mind there are also those who enjoy the company of overweight people, they consider them friendlier and warmer. However this just confirms one stereotype of fat jolly people. In 1990 Marika Tiggemann and Esther Rothblum asked a large group of American and Australian college students about there stereotypes on fat and thin men and women. Study showed more negative stereotypes against the overweight people who were seen as more self indulgent and less attractive. These social comparisons have negative effects on people even children are affected by it; their body image affects their self esteem. Girls think they’ll be more liked if they are thinner and it’s these children who turn out to be the ones with higher weight concerns. The way friends and peers act can influence a person’s life drastically, not feeling socially accepted and trying to fit in leads to depression, loneliness lack of love and comfort. Whether you’re influenced by the media, peers or your profession to achieve an untarnished body you must diet and exercise, however too much of anything is bad it can cause physical and psychological problems. On the other hand in order to maintain a perfect body, most people would think it’s normal to exercise around the clock 24/7 while eat small portions of food. They wouldn’t see anything wrong with that picture, although this normal exercise can become something more like the result of eating disorders caused by an obsession of losing weight. Around 8 million Americans have an eating disorder, seven million women and one million men, the two most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) both of which are caused and lead by a strong will to lose a lot of weight. People with AN are always on the go, they have this constant delirious jitter bug inside them keeping them on the move. There body has â€Å"the physical capacity to tolerate extreme self imposed weight loss† (Jane 894). AN is an example of that, one of the most deadly psychiatric disorders can be started by just simple dieting. An extensive amount of training, self vomiting and a decrease in food consumption are all signs of AN. It’s wrong to try and obtain such thinness to where the â€Å"body weight being maintained at below normal level† (Timothy 1388). AN affects woman both psychologically and physically negatively, looking like a girl on a magazine hardly seems worth it for all this trouble. The psychological problems include depression, constant preoccupation with food and obsessive worry about weight. Constantly checking your weight and never being satisfied with the way you look leaves a lot on your mind to think about. Usually women suffer from this don’t have much self confidence at all. Some bad physical results are high blood pressure and decreased heart rate, and a decrease bone density. As a result of decrease calcium intake, your body cannot produce a normal bone mass. This problem is not fixable for AN patients, you can’t go back and fix it and this loss of bone may lead to osteoporosis. As you can see, the way one sees their self body image is determined on the world around us. A person must not get caught up in an unreal world or size zero’s and perfect skin, but open their eyes to the real world of natural beauty. The media should stop putting up edited and photo shopped images of people, but rather normal people and their natural self. For instance dove campaign for Real Beauty teaches girls how to be â€Å"media smart†¦how to distinguish between a â€Å"real† photo and one that’s been manipulated† (Jessica 1). Dove has created a fundraiser in which also real women share their stories to educate young girls about self esteem issues and inspire them to not overcome their struggles with body image. This movement has helped girls worldwide and taught them to be proud of the skin they’re in, move moments like dove’s Real Beauty Campaign should be taken, a little inspiration can go a long way and help millions of people. Works Cited Brown, Alice E. â€Å"Our Weight Responds to Our Feelings of Self-Worth – Technocratic Technocratic Women. †Ã‚  Technocratic. 5 Mar. 2011. Web. 7 Mar. 2011. Cussins, Annie M. â€Å"The Role of Body Image in Womens Mental Health. † Feminist Review (2001) 105-107 JSTOR. Web. 5 Mar, 2011. Hoeppner, Susan H. â€Å"The Critical Shapes of Body Image: The Role of Culture and Family in the Production of Eating Disorders. â€Å"Journal of Marriage and Family 62 (2000) : 212-27 JSTOR. Web. 17 Feb, 2022. Thompson, Kevin J, and Linda Smolak. Body Image, Eating Disorders, and obesity in Youth. First ed. Washington: America Psychological Association, 2011. Print. Walsh, Timothy. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa†. Eating Disorders Progress and Problems 280. 5368 (1998): 1387-90. JSTOR. Web. 1Mar. 2011. Weiner, Jessica. â€Å"Dove ® Campaign for Real Beauty: Boosting Body Image with Self-Esteem Queen Jessica Weiner. †Ã‚  Suite101. com: Online Magazine and Writers’ Network. 16 Nov. 2007. Wykes, Maggie, and Barrie Gunter. The Media and Body Image. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: SAGE, 2005. Print. How to cite Body Image, Papers Body Image Free Essays Today’s media has become a huge benefactor for women in society’s poor body acceptance. Although advertising aims to convince us to buy things, ads seldom portray people that look like us. The average female fashion model wears in-between a size two or four, while the average American woman wears a size 12 or 14. We will write a custom essay sample on Body Image or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although today’s media portrays female models as alluring, and desirable by all men; it is also producing a â€Å"picture that is far removed from reality’ and is fiercely â€Å"unreal, and unattainable† (452). Images of models in ads are often touched up, in order to disguise minor flaws or make the models appear even skinnier than they really are. These false body image ads, showing bodies that are not ell or representative of the general female population, have far-reaching effects. It might seem that it should be recognizable when an ad shows something not real; but we still tend to trust what is seen in the media and through that, body image can be easily confused. The constant barrage of unrealistically skinny women can stir up feelings of inadequacy, anxiety and depression. This is what leads to the development of eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia, in today’s young adult population. Even before young woman were influenced by the images of media; they were being influenced tit America’s top selling manufactured doll since 1 959, Barbie. The average American girl between the ages of three to 1 1 , grows up surrounded by the Barbie body image. Not every child is influenced by the toys they play with; but young children can be easily influenced, especially by their toys. Toys are designed to allow children to practice for roles they will take on as adults; that’s why housekeeping toys, doctor kits, toy pots and pans, and baby dolls were manufactured. Through play, children learn about the world and their place in it. What do Barbie’s teach children about the world? They teach children that is it desirable to be extremely thin, and to strive for an unrealistic body image. Research done by the AND show that 95% of those who have eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25. The AND also shows, that the mortality rate associated with anorexia nervous is 12 times higher than the death rate associated with all causes of death for females 15-24 years old. Remember; these young women likely played with Barbie dolls, multiple Barbie’s around these young ages. Not only can the media stir up feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and depression; but so can an unrealistically proportioned doll, that is portraying to adolescence what women should be. How to cite Body Image, Papers

Organisational Psychology for Motivation and Abuse- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Psychology for Motivation and Abuse. Answer: While working at a firm in my internship years, I came across a large number of positive and negative aspects which helped me to enrich my experience. These experiences would help me in my future endeavors and I will be able to take proper decisions about how to motivate myself as well as my fellow colleagues for better productivity. Motivation is one main driving factor that infuses zeal and enthusiasm in every working professional to not only meet organizational goals and objectives but also to develop oneself for better career progression and to be an expert professional (Olafsen et al., 2015). While working in the organization, there were many factors which motivated me to work more efficiently and be more dedicating to the company. At the same time, on many instances, I also developed feeling where I completely lacked motivation and felt that I am not eligible to carry out the assigned responsibilities. Researchers over the years have stated many theories which describe the fact ors which either motivate or de-motivate us. The assignment will highlight those theories in describing the rationale of my feelings of motivation and de-motivation and will thereby help me to prepare myself for overcoming any barriers that come my way in the future. I joined the association as a member of the team which was mainly based on communicating globally with another overseas branch of the multinational organization and fix meetings, collect information and data from them and thereby help in calculating the overall productivity of the MNC. As I was new to the organization, I was quite nervous. Since, I had a very friendly manager, my work became much easier. He trusted me on my ability and continuously encouraged me to do better. He provided me many motivational quotes which I pasted in my cubicle which gave strength to me every time I feel down or tired. He never used to criticize me but in turn motivated me if I failed, telling me that failures are pillars of success. I became so motivated by him, that I often did extra hours at work along with overtime to help him meet the goals. However, the salaries that were paid to me did not accompany the incentives for my extra hours at work. Rather they used to deduct salary even due to minor e xcuses for which I was getting agitated. The company policies were strict and did not allow me any sick leaves which affected my salary. They deducted salary on my minor issues even if I was one minute late to enter office. This stringency was making me highly demotivated as they were totally overseeing the effort which I was giving at work. There was a strict formal environment where the organization did not allow talking to the fellow colleague on anything informal. As a result of lack of informal communication within colleagues, none were able to connect with each other and develop strong pressures. As a result the work burden became stressful. However, the ritual to have standing ovation for the best employee with highest productivity helped us to become motivated and try our best. One another factor of de-motivation was the long working hours and the short number of breaks. The breaks were really small and could not help the individual to refresh his mind. Overall several facto rs for motivation and de-motivation prevailed in the workplace and it was necessary for the organization to develop the organizational culture for motivating employees. A number of theories will now be analyzed sequentially in order to shed more light on the above mentioned factors and how they would enhance of reduce productivity at workplace Hertzbergs Two-Factor Theory: The first motivational theory is called the Hertzbergs Two Factor Theory. The first factor is the set of motivational factors which include those factors that result in developing satisfaction and also help the employees to work harder. These mainly include enjoying the work, feeling recognized and also career progression (Alshmemri et al., 2017). Here I noticed that as my manager was very helpful and recognized my hard work, I felt quite happy thinking the fact that my hard work got appreciated. Moreover, as I got my placement in the exact job role I wanted, I was quite contented. All these helped me to be highly motivated and made me dedicate more of my efficiency to the work. The second factor according to this theory is the Hygiene factors. The components of this factor if not attained properly by the managers or the employers to the employee, will lead to dissatisfaction and thereby loss of motivation (Hur, 2017). This mainly includes giving proper salaries and incentives, prope r company policies, benefits and relationship with managers (Park Ryoo, 2013). By using this theory, I understood that the company where I was placed, maintained very strict rules and did not provide extra benefits like bonus, incentives or others to the workers who did overtime or performed the job of another absentee. When the workers are not paid for their extra effort, it automatically leads to dissatisfaction and loss of motivation (Vanthournout et al., 2014). As a result of the strict rules and inability of the company to design a proper incentive plan, none of the workers along with me avoided doing overwork as we were demotivated for not getting rewards. One of the most important facts stated by the researcher is that both motivational factors and hygiene factors influence motivation but they can act entirely independent on one another (Ashkanasy, Bennett Martinko, 2016). Maslows hierarchy of needs The other theory which can be also used is Maslows hierarchy of needs. The author had stated that in order to make employees motivated they should be supplied with five different types of needs. The first component is the physiological needs which are to be attained by an individual to survive like food, water and shelter (Niemela Kim, 2014). This was met by me as I had adequate access to proper food, water and shelter. The second part is the safety needs like personal as well as financial security and health and well being. The office was well built and proper safety measurement was conducted [preventing any activities that might lead to workplace injuries (Lester, 2013). However the salary was not paid on time and was often delayed. This sometimes used to create anxiety within the individuals. This often demotivated the employees as they used to feel that the company is not sincere with their employees. This affected the work output and hence affected productivity. The third compo nent is the love or belonging component which states the necessity of friendships, relationships and family. In this case, it is seen that the company regulations discouraged talking among the colleagues and did not allow developing an informal work environment, friendship and relationship development could not be established (Cao et al., 2013). As result, I felt a lot of pressure sometimes as I had no one to share my views and feelings. This demotivated me as the work stress was affecting my health also. I would have shared my feeling among colleagues and as a result work stress could have been reduced due to proper feedback sharing and giving among the colleagues. The fourth component was esteem where an individual need to be confident and be respected by others (Jerome, 2013). In my office, the managers tried their best to encourage me and also provide me enough respect by allowing my views to be shared in the meetings. This motivated me to the highest degree as I felt that compa ny is providing importance to my thinking procedure. The last component is the self actualization where an individual should desire to achieve anything and be successful. Hawthorne Effect: This was first described by the Henry A. Landsberger in 1950. In an experiment, he noticed that there arises a tendency of the workers to work harder when they are observed by researchers. He had conducted a series of social experiments where he had stated that changes in any physical conditions influences productivity. He changed a number of physical conditions like lighting, working hours and breaks (Sedgewirck Greenwood, 2015) This was seen to motivate the employees to work harder as they felt that attention is paid to them rather than the actual physical changes (McCambridge et al., 2014). This mainly means that the employers initiative to care for the employees make them motivated and not the real changes made for them. In my placement center, I rarely saw any initiative taken by the employer to care for the employees. I have always felt that everyone is just only aiming for higher production without caring for the wants and demands of the employees. A fellow colleague of me th erefore said that she no more want to work for the company as she felt that there is a lack of reciprocation from the employee in providing honor to the hard work of the workers. A as result not only me, but also some of the colleagues felt de-motivated due to lack of reciprocation from the employees. Expectancy theory: This theory is a bit complicated theory which proposes that people will develop their behaviour depending on the outcome they expect from the managers or the employer as the result of their behaviour (Purvis, Zagenczyk McCray, 2015). This theory is indicative of the process by which an individual decide his behaviors after being influenced by how likely he perceives the rewards to be. Here the researchers have wanted to say that the workers would work harder if they are already promised to pay higher in comparison to those workers who assume to have a pay rise if they work harder (HemaMalini Washington, 2014). This has three important elements - the first one is the expectancy. This is the belief that the effort provided by the employee will result in desired goal. This is mainly based on previous experiences and the level of difficulty for the individual to achieve the goal. The second element in instrumentality which is the belief where one will receive a reward if the expectatio ns are met. The third element is valence which is the value one place on the reward (Lazaroiue, 2015). To be simple, this theory states that workers will be highly motivated if they believe that they will be receiving a desired reward for achieving the goal. They will be least motivated if they do not believe that their efforts will bring any results. In my placement arena, I noticed that as I already knew that the company does not provide any sort of incentives, therefore the zeal to do overtime was completely lost and I could not find myself feel motivated for doing overtime. I had analyzed every moments of my placements and had come up with several instances here I had either felt highly motivated or have felt low on motivation. The instances where I had been praised by my managers on my performance had motivated me to work harder beyond my limits. I had successfully developed a strong bond with my manager and his encouragement had motivated me a lot. However there had been also certain company regulations like strict maintenance of formal environment and discouragement in talking with colleagues made us feel burdened with work and we could not share our feelings. The lack of development of strong bond among colleague demotivated me as I felt strenuous and pressurized with work. Moreover failure to provide employees with incentives, bonus and other also demotivated me and I did not feel like doing overwork. All these instances had been backed up by famous motivational theories by which the disadvantage of motivation on productivity is noted. Therefore ev ery organization should plan properly about how to motivate employees so that the organizational goals can be met properly. References: Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L., Maude, P. (2017). Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory.Life Science Journal,Vol:14(5). doi:10.7537/marslsj140517.03 Ashkanasy, N. M., Bennett, R. J., Martinko, M. J. (Eds.). (2016).Understanding the High Performance Workplace: The Line Between Motivation and Abuse. Routledge. Retrieved: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=Ashkanasy%2C+N.+M.%2C+Bennett%2C+R.+J.%2C+%26+Martinko%2C+M.+J.+%28Eds.%29.+%282016%29.+Understanding+the+High+Performance+Workplace%3A+The+Line+Between+Motivation+and+Abuse.+Routledge.btnG= Cao, H., Jiang, J., Oh, L.B., Li, H., Liao, X. and Chen, Z., 2013. A Maslow's hierarchy of needs analysis of social networking services continuance.Journal of Service Management,Vol 24(2), pp.170-190. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564231311323953 Gutsche, K., Griffith, J. (2017, July). Automating Motivation: A Workplace Analysis of Service Technicians and the Motivational Impact of Automated Assistance. InInternational Conference on Serviceology(pp. 101-108). Springer, Cham. Retreieved: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-61240-9_10 Hur, Y. (2017). Testing Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory of Motivation in the Public Sector: Is it Applicable to Public Managers?.Public Organization Review, pp 1-15. Retrieved: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11115-017-0379-1 Jerome, N. (2013). Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance.International Journal of Business and Management Invention, Vol2(3), pp39-45. Retrieved: https://search.proquest.com/openview/0ad45c2b20980ed863ba4739f784211f/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=2032132 Lazaroiu, G. (2015). Work Motivation and Organizational Behavior.Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice,Vol 7(2), pp 66. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.20.PR0.113x16z1 Lester, D. (2013). Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Psychological Reports, Vol113(1), pp 15-17. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.20.PR0.113x16z1 McCambridge, J., Witton, J., Elbourne, D. R. (2014). Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: new concepts are needed to study research participation effects.Journal of clinical epidemiology, Vol67(3), pp267-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015 Niemela, P., Kim, S. (2014). Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. InEncyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research(pp. 3843-3846). Springer Netherlands.doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1737 Olafsen, A. H., Halvari, H., Forest, J., Deci, E. L. (2015). Show them the money? The role of pay, managerial need support, and justice in a self?determination theory model of intrinsic work motivation.Scandinavian journal of psychology,Vol 56(4), pp 447-457 DOI:10.1111/sjop.12211 Park, S. C., Ryoo, S. Y. (2013). An empirical investigation of end-users switching toward cloud computing: A two factor theory perspective.Computers in Human Behavior, Vol 29(1), pp 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.032 Purvis, R. L., Zagenczyk, T. J., McCray, G. E. (2015). What's in it for me? Using expectancy theory and climate to explain stakeholder participation, its direction and intensity.International Journal of Project Management,Vol 33(1), pp 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.03.003 Sedgwick, P., Greenwood, N. (2015). Understanding the Hawthorne effect.BMJ: British Medical Journal, pp 351. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h4672 Vanthournout, G., Noyens, D., Gijbels, D., Van den Bossche, P. (2014). The relationship between workplace climate, motivation and learning approaches for knowledge workers.Vocations and Learning,Vol 7(2), pp 191-214. Retreived: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12186-014-9112-1

Paganism vs. Christianity free essay sample

Paganism vs. Christianity Laura Roberts Student ID: 22970754 September 14, 2009 Liberty University Lynchburg, VA Laura Roberts Dr. Kenneth Hood PHIL 104 14 September 2009 Paganism vs. Christianity Just like any religion or tradition, there are many branches to each. According to the World Christian Encyclopedia, there are over 33,820 denominations of Christianity. (Answers. com, 2009) Paganism is defines as any religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism. (WordNet) With so many branches for both it would be difficult to compare all of them. For the purpose of this paper, we will look at the compare and contrast of Orthodox Christianity and Odinism. The birth of Christianity began 2000 years ago in Judea with the ministries of Jesus Christ. (AllAboutReligon. Org). While revolutionary, his teachings brought together his twelve disciples. Through the teachings of Jesus, society learned that salvation and humanity would come from God through him. This salvation would come about through the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus. In Christianity it is believed Jesus must die for our sins so humanity does not have to. While Christianity began in Israel, Odinism is the religious faith of the Scandinavian and of the Norse. It is an old religion with roots prior to Christianity. With the coming of Christianity, Odinism endured a period of dual faith; following both Odinism and Christianity, and then eventually breaking away from Christianity standing on its own merits. (The Odinic Rite) Christianity is a monotheist religion in which, they believe in only one true god. Throughout the Bible, this belief has been revisited several times. In Deuteronomy 32:39 it says, â€Å"See now that I, I am He, and there is no god besides Me and in Isaiah 46:9, I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is no one like Me. In Isaiah 46 it also says that false Gods are useless which is evident in Isaiah 46:1, â€Å"Bel and Nebo bow down. Their idols are carried by animals. The statues are only heavy loads that must be carried; they only make people tired. † On the opposite side of the scale is Odinism with the polytheist belief; more than one God. Odinist not only believes in multiple Gods but also multiple Goddesses. There are fifteen deities; Odin (chief of the Gods), Frigga (wife of Odin and patroness of the hearth and home), Frey (one of the Vanir given to the Aesir to end the war between the two and the patron of wealth and fertility), Freya (Frey’s sister and patroness of female fertility and prosperity), Thor (wields a hammer defending the Asgard and men), Heimdall (watches the Asgard’s gate and blows the Gjallar horn to warn the Aesir), Tyr (patron of honor, courage, and justice), Ull ( kenning for Odin), Loki ( trickster god married to Sygni), Bragi ( poet of the gods), Baldur (Bright one slain by Hodur who rest in Hel until he returns to rule the Earth), Hodur (struck Baldur with a dart made of mistletoe), Skadhi ( father killed by the Aesir and was offered a husband as compensation), Njord (a Vanir and father to Frey and Freya), and Mimir (Giant who owns the well of wisdom). (Shelter, p48-p51) Each God and Goddess contributes to the Odinist path. Christians believe that at Mt. Sinai God gave a set of laws to form a covenant. These set of laws are called The Ten Commandments and are as follows: â€Å" You must not have any other gods except me, you shall not make for yourself any carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate me, but showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments, You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain, remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, or your son, or your daughter, or your manservant, or your maidservant, or your cattle, or your stranger who is within your gates. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it, honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land hich the Lord your God is giving you, you shall not murder, you shall n ot commit adultery, you shall not steal, you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor, you shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor’s. (Exodus 20:1-17) Through these commandments, Christians’ know they govern the relationship of God and anyone who loves him. These are not just commandments sent by God but, a set of moral law. (Lucado, p21) Odinist does not have a set of commandments or moral law like Christians. The closest thing they have to compare is the Nine Noble Virtues; courage, truth, honor, fidelity, discipline, hospitality, industriousness, self-reliance, and perseverance. Rabe, 2000) Just as the Ten Commandments are self-explanatory so are these virtues. With courage, you do what is right in spite of your fears both physically and morally. Odinist believe lying is the path of coward and in ge neral it is better to be honest, than technical truthful while being deceptive. (Shelter, p18) With honor, do what you say and fulfill your obligations. Fidelity is supporting your kin no matter what. Industrious and self-reliance goes hand in hand. Working hard provides for you and your kin. It also prevents asking for charity and becoming a burden on society. Asking for help is not unconceivable but it is kept to a minable and always paid back. Along with the Nine Nobel Virtues, Odinist also follow the six-fold goal; right (the right path), wisdom (think about what you are doing and learn from what you have done), might (physical strength, political strength, financial strength, and intellectual strength), harvest (use all that life offers), frith (obligation of what is owed to kin and community in regards to your actions) and love (love and joy in life). (Hofbok, 1998) The Bible is a collection of books that the Christians study and learn from. It is composed of sixty-six books and has two major sections; the old and the New Testament. In the Old Testament, the thirty-nine books consist of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth,1 2 Samuel, 1 2 Kings, 1 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi while the New Testament contains twenty-seven books including; Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude and Revelation. In the Bible the text written in red is said to be God himself speaking. (Christian Answers. net, 2005) While Odinist does not have a Bible per say, they do have something somewhat similar. They have the Elder and Younger Eddas. These Eddas are a form of manuscript written during and after Christianization. http://www.allaboutreligion.org/history-of-christianity-in-africa-faq.htm http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18947 https://uk.ask.com/?o=0l=dirad=SEO http://www.christiananswers.net/ http://coredogs.com/lesson/wanderingdog-users.html https://forums.skadi.net/archive/index.php?t-102479.html http://www. paganlibrary. com/ https://wordnet.princeton.edu/